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, by John W. O'Malley
Free Ebook , by John W. O'Malley
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Product details
File Size: 9676 KB
Print Length: 309 pages
Page Numbers Source ISBN: 0674979982
Publisher: Harvard University Press (May 7, 2018)
Publication Date: May 7, 2018
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B07F2CZ3CV
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Vatican I by O'Malley is a short but superbly written summary of the issue of Papal Infallibility and Vatican I in 1870. The author is a well known Jesuit, and one will see the influence and pervasiveness of the Jesuits throughout. This book does not seem to be a polemic for one side or the other on first reading. It does show how some limitations on the proposed position of Pius IX was attained, namely that he wanted unlimited infallibility and the best the Council could delimit is infallibility on matters stated ex cathedra, namely limited to things the Pope would pronounce as coming from the successor of Peter.The book is divided into five sections and a conclusion. The author goes back and forth between the issues at the time and those proximate to the Council and integrates them into the decision process. The issues driving Pius IX were the development of nationalism, liberalism, freedom of religion, Protestantism, freedom of the press, and the development of citizens as compared to subjects. Pius IX was one of the last hold outs of the days of divine rights of rulers. As forms of democracy were developing, challenges from socialism and communism were being addressed, Pius IX saw a need to strengthen the papacy.The author does a reasonably good task at showing the counter efforts such as Gallicanism which was the French approach of running the Church the way the French wanted to. Strangely Gallicanism was present before the Avignon papacy and was intensified during the 14th century when the Pope was in Avignon. Although not officially part of France at the time the popes then followed the French crown in many ways. Pius IX saw this as an anathema. Thus any extension to the 19th century would have to be wiped out and Pius did this via his call for infallibility.Even more compelling was the fact that when all of the issues started with Pius he was also a head of state with his dominion over the Papal States, the central lands of what was becoming Italy. The Pope owned and controlled most of central Italy and as nationalism was evolving his control was under attack. Eventually just months after the Council declared his infallibility Rome was invaded and taken over by the Italian nationalists, thus Italy was effectively formed as a nation.The author blends these facts in a well presented narrative. He also brings to the fore the opposition of many of the theologians, often non-clerical and German, who opposed this infallibility dicta. Key amongst them would be Dollinger, a Bavarian theologian strongly opposed to this new idea. In fact many of the best theologians were opposed since there was no basis and furthermore the Conciliar theories dominated, namely such decisions were made by Church Councils, bishops in concert, and not singularly by a Pope.Overall the books is superb. However one can raise a few issues:1. The Jesuits played a key role in supporting Pius. The author's document is replete with references and the author himself is a Jesuit. The rule of the Jesuits frankly should have been more detailed, for their role was to support the Pope and as such infallibility would logically strengthen their positions, somewhat.2. Infallibility took almost two millennia to be stated. As such one would wonder why no one ever thought of this before? The Councils were always a way to reach doctrinal decisions. But now one ascribes such a singular power to a singular man. This is certainly questionable give the cast of characters who have occupied the seat of Peter over the ages.3. As with many such efforts one should be drawn back to the 14th century and the battles between John XXII and Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham. Ockham went as far in his Work of Ninety Days to claim John a heretic. His contention has merit. Marsilius predated Montesquieu in the ideas of representative governments and the fact that divine rights had no basis. The 14th century players frankly should be mentioned in many of these discussions.Overall O'Malley provides a timely, well written, and balanced presentation of Vatican I, a Council whose closure never occurred due to the capture of Rome by the Italian forces. O'Malley in the conclusion makes reference to the impact of this dictum, such as the problems Kennedy had running for President, for the dictum was interpreted as making Catholics citizens of a foreign lord and master and demanded fealty to their assertions.
An absolute tour de force! There have been hatchet jobs attacking Vatican I by those who wish to denigrate Papal Primacy and Infallibility such as the works of Hasler and Kung. Fr. O'Malley masterfully demonstrates what really happened and makes it clear that God was able to use the factions in the Catholic Church in the 19th Century to demonstrate the legitimacy of papal authority both theologically and juridically while allowing for some leeway which Vatican II was able to use to explain the collegial role of the bishops and their responsibility for the for both the local and universal church. I cannot recommend this book more highly! Anyone interested in the real story of Vatican I needs to read this book.
A thorough examination of Vatican I. Very well done. Does religious liberty extend to terroristic Muslims? It would be helpful if a document defining what constitutes faith and morals involves and can it be expanded to include all human action?
I started with this story as a precursor to wanting to read O’malley’s history of Vatican II. Although the book details much about a period, and a cast of characters, with whom I am only dimly familiar, the book is worth every moment of concentration a reader can muster. Also, it is a critical building block to understanding his Vatican II book. Typical of my expectations of a quality Jesuit author, O’Malley is thorough, balanced, nuanced, but sufficiently pointed and unabashed in his observations about the clerics and their ambitions that were a reflection of the times. The church, and its players,are humans embedded in their present and trying to make sense of their past— and O’Malley helps our understanding of that challenge.
wonderful history. Well written.
Father O’Malley has written a most readable story of the short lived Vatican 1.
Excellent presentation.
So much of the faith of Catholics is bound up in their thoughts about the papacy that it’s hard to believe that infallibility wasn’t formally defined until 1870 at Vatican I. What they call an “ultramontane†church dominated by the pope has developed since then. Prior to that major decisions were more often made by councils of bishops. This book explains how all of that came to be.
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